Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD)

About This Product

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a by‑product of palm oil refining, obtained during the deodorization stage. It is characterized by a high concentration of free fatty acids (typically 85–95%), along with minor fractions of glycerides, tocopherols, and sterols. The elevated free fatty acid content makes PFAD particularly suitable for biodiesel production via esterification and transesterification reactions. In industrial processes, PFAD is commonly treated with methanol in the presence of acid or base catalysts to yield fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which meet international biodiesel standards (EN 14214, ASTM D6751). PFAD’s relatively low cost and abundance position it as a competitive feedstock compared to refined vegetable oils. Its conversion into biodiesel not only valorizes a waste stream but also reduces lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions by displacing fossil diesel. The energy yield of PFAD‑derived biodiesel is comparable to conventional biodiesel, with favorable cetane numbers and combustion properties. Furthermore, ongoing research explores hydrotreatment pathways to produce renewable diesel (HVO) from PFAD, enhancing fuel stability and compatibility with existing infrastructure. Historically, as palm oil refining expanded in Southeast Asia during the 20th century, PFAD became a readily available raw material for biofuel industries. Today, it plays a critical role in advancing renewable energy by transforming industrial by‑products into high‑quality liquid fuels for transportation and power generation.